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Pronunciation Of Past Simple Verbs with -ed

There are 3 sounds:

/t/ → worked, watched

/d/ → played, cleaned

/ɪd/ → wanted, needed

/t/ sound

Use /t/ when the verb ends with a voiceless sound (like p, k, f, s, sh, ch).

Examples:

washed → /wɒʃt/
worked → /wɜːrkt/
watched → /wɒtʃt/
laughed → /læft/
kissed → /kɪst/

/d/ sound

Use /d/ when the verb ends with a voiced sound (like vowels, b, g, v, m, n, l, r, etc.).

Examples:

played → /pleɪd/
cleaned → /kliːnd/
lived → /lɪvd/
called → /kɔːld/
opened → /ˈəʊpənd/

/ɪd/ sound

Use /ɪd/ when the verb ends with t or d.

Examples:

wanted → /ˈwɒntɪd/
needed → /ˈniːdɪd/
started → /ˈstɑːrtɪd/
decided → /dɪˈsaɪdɪd/

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